2025-06-14T10:15:39Z

---

Climate change is poised to increase the risk of infections caused by harmful fungi, particularly strains of Aspergillus, according to new research from the University of Manchester. As global temperatures rise, scientists predict that these fungi will spread more widely, affecting millions of people, animals, and crops worldwide.

In their study, which has been shared on the preprint platform Research Square but has yet to undergo peer review, the research team analyzed the impact of various climate scenarios on the distribution of three significant fungal pathogens: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Aspergillus niger. These fungi thrive in warm and humid environments and can cause severe health issues, especially for individuals with compromised immune systems.

The researchers forecast that emissions projections suggest a "significant spread" of these pathogens could occur within the next 15 years, particularly in Europe. For instance, they estimate a potential 16% increase in the spread of A. flavus, which could place an additional 1 million people at risk of infection. Even more concerning, they project that A. fumigatus could see a staggering 77.5% increase, potentially exposing 9 million people across Europe. This fungus is particularly notorious for causing life-threatening lung infections.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) warns that fungal spores, often carried through the air, can lead to infections when inhaled, posing a particular threat to vulnerable groups such as individuals with pre-existing lung conditions or weakened immune systems.

Norman van Rhijn, the lead author of the paper, stated, "Fungi are incredibly adaptable organisms," enabling them to colonize new areas and survive environmental changes resulting from climate shifts. He also highlighted that other fungal strains, like Candida auris, have emerged in response to the warming climate, indicating a troubling trend.

Moreover, the rise of antifungal resistance—largely fueled by the agricultural use of fungicides—compounds the problem, as there is a "severe lack" of effective treatment options for fungal infections, according to the researchers. Despite the increasing threats posed by fungi, Van Rhijn noted that they remain significantly under-researched compared to viruses and parasites. Out of an estimated 3.8 million fungal species, less than 10% have been documented.

To address these growing concerns, Van Rhijn emphasizes the importance of raising awareness and developing effective interventions aimed at mitigating the consequences of fungal pathogens. As climate change continues to reshape our environment, proactive measures will be essential to safeguard public health.