2025-05-01T00:00:01Z

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John Fitzpatrick, the Chief Technology Officer of Nitro, a startup specializing in document management, recently shared his insights regarding the phenomenon of AI overhype, commonly referred to as 'AI washing.' Drawing from his extensive 15-year background in artificial intelligence, including being one of the original engineers behind Apple's Siri, Fitzpatrick is in a unique position to comment on the current state of AI in technology.

In an exclusive conversation that has been edited for clarity and brevity, Fitzpatrick noted a significant rise in AI washing, particularly following the surge in popularity of ChatGPT. He explained that AI washing occurs when companies exaggerate or misrepresent the capabilities of their AI technologies merely to claim they are utilizing AI in their products.

With the rapid advancement of AI technology, Fitzpatrick observed a notable influx of applications that superficially integrate ChatGPT without making the substantial enhancements that genuine AI implementation would necessitate. This trend is reminiscent of the earlier 'cloud' hype, where virtually every business began branding itself as a cloud service provider. According to Fitzpatrick, a similar pattern is now unfolding around AI technology, evidenced by the growing frequency of AI mentions in earnings calls across various sectors.

Recent data from AlphaSense reveals a staggering 779% increase in the use of terms such as 'agentic AI,' 'AI workforce,' 'digital labor,' and 'AI agents' during earnings calls over the past year. This trend underscores the pressure on startups to incorporate an AI narrative in order to attract investment, regardless of whether they have genuinely integrated AI functionalities into their products.

Fitzpatrick elaborated on the indicators of AI washing, citing examples such as simplistic user interface layers added to ChatGPT and minimal prompt engineering. While such modifications can sometimes yield value, Fitzpatrick argues that many instances lack meaningful enhancement to the user experience. Additionally, the rush to market can lead to the deployment of AI features without proper consideration for customer privacy and security, which can pose significant risks.

In extreme cases, industry leaders may introduce assistant features alongside updated terms that permit the utilization of customer data for training purposes. Fitzpatrick warned about the dangers of relying on third-party public APIs, which can result in sensitive documents being exposed to vendors without adequate control, thereby heightening security concerns.

For businesses operating within regulated industries that manage critical documents, accuracy becomes paramount. Fitzpatrick points out that many of Nitro's clients handle sensitive invoices and financial data embedded in PDF documents, where extracting accurate information is crucial. He emphasizes the need for transparency regarding the model's confidence levels, especially in situations where uncertainty exists.

Moreover, Fitzpatrick expressed concern over companies attempting to implement complete automation without human oversight, suggesting that this approach can lead to costly errors. As AI technology matures, he believes the industry is transitioning from the initial hype phase to one of adoption, wherein AI serves as an integral component in the development of robust product features.

Fitzpatrick concluded that companies are gradually gaining a clearer understanding of AI's actual capabilities, leading to the creation of meaningful features and the effective utilization of AI technology. Consequently, investors and the broader market are beginning to discern the distinction between superficial portrayals of AI and those that deliver genuine value.